The First Circuit Court of Appeals dismissed a suit for refund of Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) taxes Maine Medical Center mistakenly paid for its medical residents in the 2001 tax year, upholding a lower court determination that Maine Medical’s discovery requests were not warranted and that the information it sought from the IRS would not have proved that Maine Medical’s refund claim, which the IRS claimed it never received, was timely ( Maine Medical Center, No. 11-1426 (1st Cir. 3/30/12), aff’g 766 F. Supp. 2d 253 (D. Me. 2011)).
Maine Medical said it mailed its
refund claim on April 15, 2005, and presented testimony
about preparing the claim, but did not present evidence to
prove that the claim was actually mailed on that date.
Timely filing of a refund claim is a prerequisite to a tax
refund suit.
In pursuing its refund claim,
Maine Medical issued discovery requests to the IRS, asking a
number of questions, including information about whether and
how the IRS searched for its refund claim and the routine
steps the IRS took to process FICA refund claims from
similar institutions. The court held that the answers to
these discovery requests would not establish that the claim
had been timely filed.
In rejecting the request for discovery, the court noted that Maine Medical had not been diligent in preserving its rights because it had not attempted to obtain a duplicate receipt for certified mail (which could have been obtained from the post office within two years of mailing) or investigated why the IRS had not responded to its refund claim until just before it filed suit.
The common law mailbox rule would not prove Maine Medical’s request was timely because the rule does not apply unless a document has been mailed in sufficient time to be received by the due date in the ordinary course of post office business. Since Maine Medical asserted an April 15 mailing date, the refund claim could not have arrived in the IRS’s hands on April 15.
The statutory mailbox
rule (Sec. 7502), under which timely mailing is treated as
timely filing, did not apply because there was no evidence
to prove timely mailing and no evidence of delivery (which
is required under the rule). And the court noted that the
“extrinsic evidence” doctrine that other circuits have
adopted allowing other evidence besides a postmark to be
offered to prove mailing would not help Maine Medical
because its employees could not remember anything about
filing the return, and it had not attempted to get a
duplicate certified mail receipt.
The court
recognized that the IRS could use the circumstances
presented in this case to dispose of refund suits merely by
claiming it had no record of receiving a tax document.
Despite that possibility, taxpayers seeking jurisdictional
discovery must prove due diligence. Where a taxpayer has not
been diligent in preserving its claim and has presented no
evidence of mailing or a postmark, the court found no error
in denying this type of discovery.
